Analysis on the Meiosis-Related Gene (Dmc1, Ph1) Expression in Autotriploid Carassius auratus

Triploid is usually considered to be unable to perform normal meiosis due to the abnormal behavior of the three sets of chromosomes. But autotriploid Carassius auratus in the Dongting water system (3n = 150, abbreviated as 3nCC) can perform normal meiosis. In artificial autotriploid Carassius auratus (3n = 150, abbreviated as 3nRR), female individuals undergo normal meiosis and produce mature gametes, while male individuals cannot. To better understand the effects of triploidization on meiosis in fish, we study the structure, methylation level, and expression level of meiosis-related genes (Dmc1, Ph1) in diploid Carassius auratus (2n = 100, abbreviated as 2nCC), Carassius auratus red var.(2n = 100, abbreviated as RCC), 3nCC and 3nRR. The results show that, compared with their diploid ancestors (2nCC and RCC), Dmc1 and Ph1 genes are hypomethylated in all 3nCC and female 3nRR, while are hypermethylated in male 3nRR. Correspondingly, Dmc1 and Ph1 genes are highly expressed in all 3nCC and female 3nRR, while are lowly expressed in male 3nRR. These results indicate that high expression of meiosis-related genes can contribute to restoration of bivalent pairing during meiosis in autotriploid Carassius auratus. This study provides new insights into the effect of DNA methylation on the fertility in triploid fish.