Nanoparticle-based surface assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry: a review

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Spectrometry

Background:

• Organic matrices in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) present limitations for small molecule analysis.
• Nanoparticles offer improved sensitivity and selectivity compared to traditional organic matrices.
• Surface-assisted (SALDI-MS) and surface-enhanced (SELDI-MS) techniques provide cleaner spectra and soft ionization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent applications of various nanoparticles in LDI-MS for small molecule analysis.
• To explore the multifaceted roles of nanoparticles beyond serving as surfaces in LDI-MS.
• To deepen the understanding of nanoparticle integration in mass spectrometry techniques.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on nanoparticle applications in LDI-MS.
• Categorization of nanoparticles including metallic, metal oxides, silicon, quantum dots, MOFs, and COFs.
• Analysis of nanoparticle roles as surfaces, probes, and pseudo-stationary phases.

Main Results:

• Nanoparticles provide high sensitivity and selectivity for small molecule analysis via LDI-MS.
• Diverse nanoparticle types (metallic, oxides, silicon, QDs, MOFs, COFs) are effective for LDI-MS.
• Nanoparticles function as surfaces, probes, and in separation/enrichment for LDI-MS.

Conclusions:

• Nanoparticles are highly effective alternatives to organic matrices for LDI-MS.
• Nanoparticles offer versatile applications in LDI-MS, including separation and enrichment.
• This review consolidates knowledge on nanoparticles for advanced LDI-MS analysis.