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Related Concept Videos

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to be effective as an adjunct treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). VNS leads to antidepressive and antisuicidal effects and quality of life improvements. This protocol offers a step-by-step guide to managing and adjusting a vagus nerve stimulator for efficient treatment of...
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Source: Moeller, S., et al., Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression. J. Vis. Exp. (2019)This video demonstrates a clinical protocol for Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) as an adjunctive neurostimulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression...
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The chronic despair mouse model (CDM) of depression consists of repetitive forced swim sessions and another delayed swim phase as a read-out. It represents a suitable model for induction of a chronic depressive-like state stable for at least 4 weeks, amendable to evaluate subchronic and acute treatment...
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Here we outline the procedure for MRI-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex as an experimental treatment for major depressive...
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This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
04:29

Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Whose depression deteriorates during acute phase antidepressant treatment?

Tatsuo Akechi1, Kazuyuki Sugishita2, Bun Chino3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|September 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A small percentage of patients may experience worsening depression during antidepressant treatment. Predictors include younger age at first depression episode, older current age, and an early increase in symptom severity.

Keywords:
AntidepressantMajor depressionPredictorSymptom worsening

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on depression symptom worsening during antidepressant therapy.
  • Major depressive disorder treatment response varies significantly among individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the proportion of patients experiencing depression worsening during adequate antidepressant treatment.
  • To identify predictors of depression symptom deterioration in major depressive disorder patients.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-center randomized trial involving patients with major depression.
  • Defined depression deterioration by increased Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores from week 0 to week 9.
  • Assessed baseline demographics, early PHQ-9 changes (weeks 0-3), and side effects as potential predictors.

Main Results:

  • 99 out of 1,647 patients (6.0%) showed depression deterioration.
  • Deterioration was associated with younger age at first depressive episode, older current age, and a greater PHQ-9 increase by week 3.
  • The proportion was lower when using reliable change index criteria.

Conclusions:

  • A small but significant proportion of patients experience worsening depression during acute antidepressant treatment.
  • Early indicators like age at onset, current age, and initial treatment response may predict subsequent symptom worsening.