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Related Concept Videos

Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway07:58

Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway

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The goal of this protocol is to outline a surgical approach to provide direct access to the dorsal cochlear nucleus in a murine model.
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Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer Into the Mouse Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Light-Induced Auditory Stimulation03:19

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Source: Kozin, E. D., et.al. Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway. J. Vis. Exp. (2015)This video demonstrates virus-mediated gene transfer into the mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) to enable light-induced auditory stimulation. A viral vector encoding opsin, a light-sensitive ion channel, is injected into the DCN following a craniotomy and cerebellar aspiration for direct access. The expressed opsins allow neurons to be...
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Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation09:03

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We present a method that describes isolation and culture of cochlear explants from embryonic mouse inner ear. We also demonstrate a method for gene transfer into cochlear explants via square-wave electroporation. The in vitro explant culture coupled with gene transfer technique enables researchers to study the effects of altering gene expression during development.
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The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
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The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research06:16

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research

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Miniature pigs (mini-pigs) are an ideal large animal model for research into cochlear implants. Cochlear implantation surgery in mini-pigs can be utilized to provide initial evidence of the safety and potential performance of novel electrode arrays and surgical approaches in a living system similar to human...
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Robotic cochlear implantation is a procedure for minimally invasive inner ear access. Compared to conventional surgery, robotic cochlear implantation involves additional steps that need to be carried out in the operating room. In this article we give a description of the procedure and highlight the important aspects of robotic cochlear...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway
07:58

Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway

Published on: January 20, 2015

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Morphological development of the human cochlear nucleus.

Shubhi Saini1, Charanjeet Kaur1, Indra Pal1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Hearing Research
|September 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human cochlear nucleus (CN) undergoes critical development between 18-22 weeks gestation. Protecting the developing human brain from harmful factors during this period is crucial for preventing congenital deafness.

Keywords:
AuditoryDevelopmentImmunohistochemistryStereology

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Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Direct Visualization of the Murine Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Pathway
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Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer Into the Mouse Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus for Light-Induced Auditory Stimulation
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Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Auditory System Development

Background:

  • Critical periods in brain development are essential for normal function.
  • Understanding these periods in the human cochlear nucleus (CN) is vital for addressing developmental disorders.
  • Previous studies lacked specific timeframes for human CN development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the critical developmental periods of the human cochlear nucleus (CN).
  • To investigate neurogenesis, gliogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis during human CN development.
  • To establish morphological changes and neuronal characteristics within the developing human CN.

Main Methods:

  • Design-based stereology was employed on 23 fetal and 7 postnatal human brainstems.
  • Cresyl violet staining and immunohistochemistry for NeuN, GFAP, Ki-67, and TUNEL were performed.
  • 3-D reconstruction, volume estimations, cell counting, and morphological analysis were conducted.

Main Results:

  • The human CN primordium was identifiable at 10 weeks gestation (WG), with definitive DCN and VCN at 16 WG.
  • A significant growth spurt in CN volume, neuron, and astrocyte numbers occurred from 18 WG.
  • Increased proliferation and apoptosis were observed after 22 WG; neuronal morphology diversified by 26 WG.

Conclusions:

  • The period of 18-22 WG represents a critical window for human cochlear nucleus development.
  • Interference during this critical period by pathological factors may impede normal CN development.
  • Preventing exposure to noxious factors between 18-22 WG is crucial for preventing congenital deafness.