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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Immunophenotyping of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Joseph A DiGiuseppe1, Jolene L Cardinali2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA. joseph.digiuseppe@hhchealth.org.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping aids in diagnosing acute lymphoblastic leukemia and detecting minimal residual disease. This method guides personalized treatment by identifying rare leukemic cells post-therapy.

Keywords:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemiaAntibodiesFlow cytometryImmunophenotypingMinimal residual disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is crucial for diagnosing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
  • Detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) post-therapy is a significant prognostic factor for ALL patients.
  • Accurate immunophenotypic analysis guides individualized treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail laboratory methods for immunophenotyping in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
  • To describe techniques for characterizing lymphoblasts at diagnosis.
  • To outline procedures for detecting minimal residual disease after ALL treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing flow cytometry for immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow samples.
  • Employing specific antibody combinations for cell-surface and intracellular protein labeling.
  • Implementing standardized procedures for sample preparation and data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Established antibody panels for reliable diagnosis of ALL.
  • Developed sensitive methods for detecting rare leukemic lymphoblasts, indicating MRD.
  • Provided a framework for analyzing complex immunophenotypic data.

Conclusions:

  • Laboratory methods for immunophenotyping are essential for ALL diagnosis and MRD detection.
  • Accurate MRD assessment via flow cytometry enables personalized treatment adjustments.
  • These standardized techniques improve the management and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.