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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
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Surface Electromyography Analysis of Three Squat Exercises.

Alireza Monajati1, Eneko Larumbe-Zabala2, Mark Goss-Sampson3

  • 1Department of Life and Sports Science, University of Greenwich, Etham, UK.

Journal of Human Kinetics
|September 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The single-leg squat on a bench (SLSB) significantly increases hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation compared to double-leg squats. This suggests SLSB may improve medial-lateral balance and knee stability for injury prevention.

Keywords:
ACLEMGInjury preventionfemalefootball playershamstring to quadriceps ratioknee stability

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Lower limb injury prevention exercises are crucial for athletes.
  • Electromyography (EMG) is a key tool for assessing muscle activation during exercises.
  • Comparing different squat variations can optimize training protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the electromyography (EMG) activity of hamstring and quadriceps muscles during three common lower limb injury prevention exercises.
  • To determine which exercise elicits the highest neuromuscular activation.

Main Methods:

  • Eight female athletes performed single-leg squats on a bench (SLSB), double-leg squats (DLS), and double-leg squats on a BOSU® balance trainer (DLSB).
  • EMG activity of biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) was recorded.
  • Muscle activation was compared across the three exercises.

Main Results:

  • SLSB demonstrated significantly higher activation in biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) compared to DLS.
  • SLSB also showed greater activation in vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) compared to DLS.
  • Higher activation of ST and VM was observed during SLSB compared to DLSB.

Conclusions:

  • The single-leg squat on a bench (SLSB) elicits greater hamstring and quadriceps muscle activation than DLS and DLSB.
  • SLSB may enhance lower limb medial-to-lateral balance and improve knee stability in the frontal plane due to increased activation of medial muscles (ST and VM).