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Radiation of Dynamic Toroidal Moments
Surong Guo1, Nahid Talebi1, Alfredo Campos2
1Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
ACS Photonics
|September 17, 2019
Summary
This study clarifies the radiative behavior of dynamic toroidal dipoles, distinguishing them from static modes. Experiments confirm their unique optical properties in plasmonic nanocavities for advanced applications.
Area of Science:
- Electromagnetism and Plasmonics
- Nanophotonics
Background:
- Dynamic toroidal dipoles are fundamental electromagnetic sources with growing interest.
- Their radiative nature is often confused with static toroidal dipoles and plasmonic dark modes in existing literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To exclusively elucidate the radiation behavior of dynamic toroidal moments.
- To experimentally differentiate dynamic toroidal dipoles from other electromagnetic modes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of optical toroidal modes in plasmonic heptamer nanocavities using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM).
- Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical calculations for theoretical support.
- Experimental investigation of radiation behavior using cathodoluminescence (CL).
Main Results:
- Observed and analyzed optical toroidal modes in plasmonic heptamer nanocavities.
- Experimental evidence differentiating the radiation behavior of a single dynamic toroidal dipole mode and an antiparallel toroidal dipole pair mode.
- Clarified electromagnetic properties of dynamic toroidal dipoles.
Conclusions:
- The study successfully distinguishes the radiative properties of dynamic toroidal dipoles.
- Findings provide crucial guidance for utilizing toroidal dipole moments in sensing and other advanced applications.
- Experimental and numerical methods confirmed the unique characteristics of dynamic toroidal modes.
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