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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Remember-Know Task: Memory Recall and Brain Activation

The Remember-Know Task: Memory Recall and Brain Activation

Published on: April 30, 2023

Simple measurement models for complex working-memory tasks.

Klaus Oberauer¹, Stephan Lewandowsky²

¹Department of Psychology.

Psychological Review

|September 17, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Memory Measurement Models (M3) offer a new way to measure working memory. Old adults show specific deficits in relational memory, not element memory, in complex tasks.

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Published on: January 31, 2017

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Published on: May 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Computational Modeling

Background:

Working memory is crucial for complex cognition.
Existing models struggle to differentiate memory for elements and relations.
Understanding memory processes requires precise measurement tools.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce Memory Measurement Models (M3) for precise working memory assessment.
Validate M3's ability to measure memory for elements and relations.
Apply M3 to investigate memory processes like extended encoding, filtering, and removal.

Main Methods:

Developed M3 framework using response category frequency distributions.
Applied M3 to complex-span and memory-updating tasks across multiple experiments.
Compared young and old adults' performance on working memory tasks using M3.

Main Results:

M3 successfully differentiated memory for elements and relations.
Experimental manipulations affected these dimensions, captured by M3 parameters.
Older adults exhibited impaired relational memory but intact element memory, with age-related differences in extended encoding and removal, but not filtering.

Conclusions:

M3 provides a computationally efficient method for measuring distinct working memory dimensions.
Findings reveal specific age-related deficits in relational memory processing.
M3 can identify and quantify key memory processes, offering insights into cognitive aging.