Equity and diversity in academic medicine: a perspective from the JCI editors

Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...

In finance, the cost of equity is the return a firm theoretically pays to its shareholders to compensate for the risk they take by investing their capital. Companies need external capital to operate and grow, and the cost of equity helps determine the rate of return required to satisfy equity investors.
This rate represents the shareholders' expectations for the minimum return they should earn, considering the risks involved and the opportunity cost of investing elsewhere. For example, if...

Measuring Biodiversity in Areas with Different Disturbance Regimes
ExpandNOTE: In this experiment, you will compare the biodiversity in a less disturbed area against a more highly disturbed area. HYPOTHESES: The experimental hypothesis could be that a less disturbed area will contain a greater diversity of species than a highly disturbed area. The null hypothesis could be that there will be no difference in diversity between less disturbed and highly disturbed areas.
To begin, divide into...

Populations do not live in isolation; thus, every population interacts with others in certain ways. These interactions give rise to a network of populations. Hence, an ecological community is composed of such population networks of various species interacting with each other within the same area. These biological, or biotic, components may also closely interact with non-living, or abiotic, components, forming an ecosystem. Ecosystems may be as small as the microbial communities inside the human...

The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...