The ESC Madrid Declaration: promoting evidence-based SRHR policies with respect for human rights

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

Property rights refer to the legal control or ownership that individuals or entities have over a good or resource. These rights determine who can use the resource and under what conditions. Property rights describe the ability to use, sell, lease, or transfer ownership of a good or resource. Clearly defined property rights also delineate the responsibilities of such ownership, such as preventing harm to third parties.  Property rights are essential in ensuring efficient market allocations...

Generating differentiated cell types from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great therapeutic promise but remains challenging. PSCs often exhibit an inherent inability to differentiate even when stimulated with a proper set of signals. Described here is a simple tool to enhance multilineage differentiation across a variety of PSC...

This article describes RUGGED (Retrieval Under Graph-Guided Explainable disease Distinction), which integrates Large Language Model (LLM) inference with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It draws evidence from expert-curated biomedical knowledge bases and peer-reviewed biomedical publications to synthesize new knowledge from up-to-date information, identify explainable and actionable predictions, and pinpoint promising directions for hypothesis-driven...

α-Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones is a reaction involving the substitution of α hydrogens with halogens in the presence of a base.  The reaction begins with the abstraction of  α hydrogen by the base to produce a nucleophilic enolate ion. This intermediate undergoes a subsequent nucleophilic substitution with the halogen to produce a monohalogenated carbonyl compound. If the starting substrate has more than one α hydrogen, it is difficult to stop the reaction...

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...