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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
11:20

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Tracing upconversion nanoparticle penetration in human skin.

Zahra Khabir1, Anna E Guller2, Vlada S Rozova3

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia; Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|September 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) enable high-contrast imaging of nanoparticle penetration in human skin. Chemical enhancers significantly improve solid nanoparticle delivery past the stratum corneum into viable epidermis.

Keywords:
Background-free optical imagingCytotoxicityPenetration enhancerTissue engineeringTransdermal deliveryUpconversion nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Dermatology
  • Optical Imaging

Background:

  • Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) possess unique optical properties for high-contrast imaging.
  • Understanding nanoparticle penetration in human skin is crucial for drug delivery and cosmetic applications.
  • Chemical enhancers can potentially modify skin barrier function to facilitate nanoparticle transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for imaging nanoparticle penetration in excised human skin at the single-particle level.
  • To investigate the effect of chemical enhancers on the penetration of solid nanoparticles into human skin.
  • To assess the in vitro toxicity of polymer-coated UCNPs using a tissue-engineered skin model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical microscopy with single-particle sensitivity to trace UCNPs in excised human skin.
  • Employed laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry for validation of UCNP distribution.
  • Applied UCNPs formulated in different vehicles (water, ethanol-water) to human skin mounted on Franz cells.
  • Imaged UCNP penetration using a custom-built laser-scanning microscope.
  • Evaluated UCNP toxicity on a tissue-engineered viable epidermis model seeded with keratinocytes.

Main Results:

  • Optical microscopy successfully visualized UCNP distribution in excised human skin with high contrast.
  • UCNPs in water halted at the stratum corneum, while UCNPs in an ethanol-water solution penetrated to the viable epidermis.
  • Laser-ablation ICP-MS validated the penetration profiles observed via optical microscopy.
  • All tested polymer-coated UCNPs demonstrated non-toxic effects within safety limits.
  • Keratinocytes showed unexpected resilience to polyethyleneimine-coated UCNPs, despite known polyethyleneimine cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Optical microscopy of UCNPs provides a sensitive method for quantifying nanoparticle penetration in human skin.
  • Chemical enhancers, specifically ethanol-water solutions, significantly enhance the penetration of solid nanoparticles across the stratum corneum.
  • Polymer-coated UCNPs exhibit a favorable safety profile in a tissue-engineered skin model, with notable keratinocyte tolerance to polyethyleneimine coatings.