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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
10:28

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Looking inside an injection system.

Sophie A Howard1, Alain Filloux1

  • 1MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Elife
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial proteins injected into host cells can trigger a range of outcomes, from cell death to developmental changes like metamorphosis. This highlights the diverse impacts of bacterial effectors on eukaryotic life.

Keywords:
E. coliPhotorhabdusT6SScontractile injection systeminfectious diseasemetamorphosismicrobiologytoxins

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria employ protein injection systems to deliver effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells.
  • These injected proteins can manipulate host cell functions, influencing various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse cellular fates induced by bacterial protein injection in eukaryotic organisms.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host cell responses to bacterial effectors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genetic manipulation of bacterial strains to identify key effector proteins.
  • Employing cell culture models and live imaging to observe host cell responses.
  • Performing proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that specific bacterial proteins can induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in host cells.
  • Identified other bacterial proteins that trigger developmental pathways, leading to metamorphosis-like changes.
  • Characterized the signaling pathways modulated by these effector proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial effector proteins possess a remarkable capacity to orchestrate diverse cellular outcomes in eukaryotes.
  • The outcome depends on the specific protein injected and the host cell's context.
  • This highlights a significant mechanism of host-microbe interaction with broad biological implications.