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Related Concept Videos

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We describe the optical imaging of mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) using reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF). This protocol facilitates the sensitive and specific detection of M. tuberculosis in pre-clinical animal models for pathogenesis, therapeutics and vaccine...
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The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence
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Thoracic cryptococcal osteomyelitis mimicking tuberculosis: A case report.

Nitin Adsul1, K L Kalra1, Nikhil Jain1

  • 1Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, New Delhi, India.

Surgical Neurology International
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the spine is rare and often misdiagnosed. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe neurological deficits and vision loss.

Keywords:
CryptococcosisDifferential diagnosisEndophthalmitisOsteomyelitisSpine infectionThoracic vertebra

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Spinal osteomyelitis due to Cryptococcus is exceptionally rare, with only seven prior cases reported.
  • Most cases are misdiagnosed, often as tuberculosis, delaying appropriate treatment.

Observation:

  • A diabetic patient presented with severe back pain, initially treated for tuberculosis without improvement.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis with epidural extension, leading to paraplegia.
  • Cryptococcal infection was confirmed post-biopsy, and the patient developed fungal endophthalmitis.

Findings:

  • Surgical decompression and antifungal therapy were initiated for cryptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis.
  • Despite treatment, the patient experienced vision loss in one eye due to retinal fungal deposits.
  • The patient achieved partial motor recovery over 8 months without disease recurrence.

Implications:

  • Cryptococcal infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis.
  • Delayed diagnosis of spinal cryptococcosis can result in irreversible neurological damage and multi-organ involvement.
  • Prompt recognition and management are vital for improving patient outcomes in rare fungal spinal infections.