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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

7.6K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment11:00

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Here, we describe a simple and accessible strategy for visualizing, quantifying, and mapping immune cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections. This methodology combines existing imaging and digital analysis techniques with the purpose of expanding the multiplexing capability and multiparameter analysis of imaging...
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Tissue Engineering of Tumor Stromal Microenvironment with Application to Cancer Cell Invasion05:48

Tissue Engineering of Tumor Stromal Microenvironment with Application to Cancer Cell Invasion

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Tissue engineered fibroblast-derived native matrix is an emerging tool to generate a stromal substrate which supports epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Here a protocol applying this methodology to assess the impact of different stromal cell types on tumor cell biology is...
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors08:32

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Here we describe a method to separate and enrich components of the tumor immune and non-immune microenvironment in established subcutaneous tumors. This technique allows for the separate analysis of tumor immune infiltrate and non-immune tumor fractions which can permit comprehensive characterization of the tumor immune...
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Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro16:18

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro

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We present the procedure for fabrication and operation of a microfluidic device that recreates heterogeneous tumor microenvironments in vitro. The variability in apoptosis within tumor tissue was quantified using fluorescent stains and the effective diffusion coefficient of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin into tumor tissue was...
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Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment10:59

Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment

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This protocol serves as a scheme for setting up a functional Tet-ON system in cancer cell lines and its subsequent use, in particular for studying the role of tumor cell-derived proteins in recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to the tumor microenvironment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Viruses and tumor cell microenvironment: A brief summary.

Russell L Blaylock1

  • 1Theoretical Neuroscience Research, LLC, Ridgeland, MS, United States.

Surgical Neurology International
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
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Certain viruses, termed oncomodulatory, can influence cancer aggressiveness and treatment resistance. These viruses impact tumor biology by altering cell signaling, metabolism, and immune responses, particularly affecting cancer stem cells.

Keywords:
Cancer microenvironmentCancer stem cellsOncomodulation

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Tissue Engineering of Tumor Stromal Microenvironment with Application to Cancer Cell Invasion
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The link between infectious agents and cancer has been recognized for over a century.
  • Historically, viral presence in cancers was often dismissed as opportunistic infections.
  • Emerging research highlights viruses' role in modulating tumor behavior and treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of oncomodulatory viruses and their impact on cancer.
  • To investigate the mechanisms by which viruses influence tumor aggressiveness and resistance to therapy.
  • To understand the interaction between viruses, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on viral oncology and tumor microenvironment.
  • Analysis of studies investigating viral protein effects on cancer cell signaling, metabolism, and apoptosis.
  • Examination of research on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interactions with cancer stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Viruses, termed oncomodulatory, can significantly affect tumor biology, increasing aggressiveness and treatment resistance.
  • These viruses alter key cellular processes including signaling, metabolism, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
  • Human cytomegaloviruses (HCMV) can infect cancer stem cells, releasing proteins that influence the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Oncomodulatory viruses represent a significant factor in cancer progression and therapeutic challenges.
  • Understanding viral-tumor interactions is crucial for developing novel cancer treatment strategies.
  • Targeting viral influences within the tumor microenvironment may offer new avenues for cancer therapy.