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Hyperinsulinemia: An Early Indicator of Metabolic Dysfunction
Dylan D Thomas1, Barbara E Corkey1, Nawfal W Istfan1
1Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Hyperinsulinemia, linked to type 2 diabetes, is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, with notable racial and ethnic disparities. Understanding these factors can lead to personalized treatments for obesity and metabolic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Genetics
Background:
- Hyperinsulinemia is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Racial and ethnic minority groups experience disproportionately higher rates of diabetes and obesity-related complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review genetic and environmental factors contributing to hyperinsulinemia.
- To examine racial and ethnic differences in hyperinsulinemia and its metabolic effects.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesized data from PubMed searches and reference reviews.
- Focused on factors influencing insulin secretion and clearance.
Main Results:
- Hyperinsulinemia is associated with a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and dietary factors.
- Obesity pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery show promise in mitigating hyperinsulinemia and improving metabolic health.
- Recent research has improved understanding of insulin secretion and clearance regulation.
Conclusions:
- Further research into hyperinsulinemia's underlying mechanisms can facilitate earlier, personalized interventions for obesity and metabolic disorders.
- Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in hyperinsulinemia is crucial for equitable metabolic health outcomes.
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