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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase12:02

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Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of molecular surgery and molecular...
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
12:02

Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase

Published on: May 29, 2008

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Harnessing Evolution to Make Medicines (Nobel Lecture).

Gregory Winter1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge and Trinity College, Cambridge, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibody libraries and phage display enable rapid evolution for creating fully human antibody medicines. G. Winter

Keywords:
antibodiesdrug developmentimmune systemphage display

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Immunology
  • Therapeutic Antibody Development

Background:

  • Introduction of antibody libraries and phage display technologies.
  • Establishment of a rapid evolutionary system for antibody generation.

Discussion:

  • Significance of these advancements in producing fully human antibody therapeutics.
  • Overview of key historical steps and contributions, as presented in G. Winter's Nobel lecture.

Key Insights:

  • Phage display and antibody libraries are foundational for accelerated antibody medicine development.
  • The Nobel lecture by G. Winter highlights critical milestones in this field.

Outlook:

  • Continued innovation in antibody engineering and therapeutic applications.
  • Potential for further advancements in antibody-based drug discovery and personalized medicine.