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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Absolute quantification RNA sequencing (AQRNA-seq) is a technology developed to quantify the landscape of all small RNAs in biological mixtures. Here, both the library preparation and data processing steps of AQRNA-seq are demonstrated, quantifying changes in the transfer RNA (tRNA) pool in Mycobacterium bovis BCG during starvation-induced...
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This manuscript describes the Research Prioritization by Affected Communities (RPAC) protocol and findings from its use with women at risk for preterm birth. Using the protocol, women identified and prioritized their unanswered questions about pregnancy, birth and neonatal care aimed at influencing research priority setting by funders and...
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Collaborative RNAS+ research: Priorities and outcomes.

Lydia Leonardo1, Robert Bergquist2, Shi-Zhu Li3

  • 1Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman and University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Graduate School, Quezon City, Philippines.

Advances in Parasitology
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PubMed
Summary

Research over 20 years shows schistosomiasis control requires integrated approaches beyond mass drug administration. New diagnostics and understanding transmission dynamics are crucial for disease elimination efforts.

Keywords:
Hepatic fibrosisMDASchistosomiasisSerological and molecular diagnosticsSpatio-temporal distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Schistosomiasis remains a significant global health burden, particularly in endemic regions.
  • Understanding transmission dynamics and host-pathogen interactions is key to effective control.
  • Previous control strategies have limitations in achieving disease elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present 20 years of research on schistosomiasis, focusing on transmission, morbidity, immunity, and control.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current control methods and explore integrated approaches.
  • To highlight advancements in diagnostics and surveillance for schistosomiasis elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological studies in endemic countries (Philippines, China, Lao PDR, Cambodia).
  • Spatio-temporal analysis using remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS).
  • Morbidity assessments, immunological studies, and vaccine candidate evaluations.
  • Development and evaluation of novel diagnostic tools.

Main Results:

  • Clarified the role of reservoir hosts in schistosomiasis transmission.
  • Identified factors influencing morbidity (fibrosis, anemia, malnutrition).
  • Investigated age-related immune responses and potential resistance development.
  • Demonstrated the insufficiency of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel alone for elimination.
  • Highlighted the need for sensitive, field-applicable diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated control strategies involving intersectoral collaboration are essential for schistosomiasis elimination.
  • Advanced surveillance methods, including GIS and new diagnostics, are critical.
  • Further research into host-parasite interactions and vaccine development is warranted.