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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Aggression: Hostile and Instrumental Aggression
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Interventions to prevent aggression against doctors: a systematic review.

Ann Raveel1, Birgitte Schoenmakers2,3

  • 1Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

BMJ Open
|September 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Aggression against doctors is a serious risk. Integrated violence prevention programs show moderate evidence of effectiveness in reducing patient-to-worker violence. Further research is needed for robust data.

Keywords:
aggressiongeneral practitionerinterventionsworkplace violence

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Public health
  • Occupational safety

Background:

  • Aggression against physicians is a significant occupational hazard.
  • Workplace violence in healthcare settings poses risks to medical professionals.
  • Understanding interventions for preventing and de-escalating aggression is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review evidence on interventions aimed at preventing aggression against doctors.
  • To identify risk factors associated with workplace violence in healthcare.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases including PubMed, Embase, TRIP, Cochrane, PsychArticle, Google Scholar, and guideline repositories.
  • Included studies published in English from January 2000 to January 2018, focusing on type II workplace violence prevention in various healthcare settings.

Main Results:

  • 44 studies were included. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) indicated moderate evidence for a violence prevention program's effectiveness in reducing violence risks.
  • Key risk factors identified include long waiting times, unmet patient expectations, substance abuse, and psychiatric conditions.
  • Patient risk assessment with tailored actions showed effectiveness in decreasing severe aggression in psychiatric wards; de-escalation techniques are highly recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions to prevent and de-escalate aggression against doctors have been documented.
  • Moderate evidence supports integrated violence prevention programs in decreasing patient-to-worker violence.
  • Further large-scale cohort studies are recommended to enhance understanding of intervention effectiveness.