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Psychosocial work demands and physical workload decrease with ageing in blue-collar and white-collar workers: a

Torbjörn Åkerstedt1,2, Andrea Discacciati3, Henrike Häbel3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Torbjorn.Akerstedt@ki.se.

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Summary

Work demands like psychosocial factors and physical workload decrease with age, potentially easing the burden over a career. This age-related improvement in working conditions warrants consideration for older workers and retirement policies.

Keywords:
agingfatigueoccupational groupphysical workloadsleepstresswork demands

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Gerontology
  • Sociology of Work

Background:

  • Psychosocial work demands and physical workload are significant contributors to ill health.
  • Societal demographic shifts necessitate understanding how these work factors change with aging.
  • Current knowledge on age-related changes in work demands is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in psychosocial work demands and physical workload over an 8-year period of aging.
  • To examine if different occupational groups exhibit distinct trajectories of change in work demands.
  • To determine if these age-related changes in work are reflected in sleep patterns or fatigue levels.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal cohort study involving 5377 participants (mean age 47.6 years).
  • Data collected through self-report measures across five biannual waves over 8 years.
  • Mixed-effects regression models were employed to analyze changes across aging.

Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in psychosocial work demands (Coeff: -0.016) and physical workload (Coeff: -0.032) were observed over 8 years.
  • The oldest age group and specific occupational groups (high white-collar for psychosocial, blue-collar for physical) showed the most pronounced decreases.
  • While fatigue decreased and sleep problems increased with aging, effect sizes were small, suggesting a gradual lightening of work burdens across a career.

Conclusions:

  • Workplace demands, including psychosocial and physical aspects, tend to decrease over an 8-year aging period.
  • This gradual improvement in the work environment may be attributed to aging itself, increased experience, or other factors.
  • Findings have implications for the integration of older individuals into the labor market, retirement age considerations, and the design of future occupational health studies.