[Genomic Analysis and Immunotherapy by Liquid Biopsy]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Genomics
• Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

• Advancements in cancer genome medicine are driving the development of clinical applications in Japan.
• Focus is shifting from tissue-based genetic analysis to genomic analysis via liquid biopsy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential of liquid biopsy in cancer diagnosis, treatment selection, and monitoring.
• To highlight the role of liquid biopsy in identifying biomarkers for immunotherapy response.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, and microRNA (miRNA) in patient body fluids.
• Review of current literature on the utility of liquid biopsy in various cancer contexts.

Main Results:

• Liquid biopsy provides a minimally invasive alternative to tissue biopsy, broadening diagnostic capabilities.
• Potential applications include early cancer detection, recurrence prediction, and monitoring treatment efficacy.
• Development of liquid genetic biomarkers for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors is ongoing.

Conclusions:

• Liquid biopsy holds significant promise for the future of cancer care, offering less invasive diagnostic and monitoring options.
• Further standardization of methods and sample handling is required for widespread clinical adoption.
• Early cancer diagnosis through liquid biopsy may become a clinical reality soon.