Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.1K

Vascular endothelial growth factor and programmed death-1 pathway inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma

Charlene M Mantia1, David F McDermott1

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Cancer
|September 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Advanced renal cell carcinoma treatment has improved with new therapies targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Combination therapies and biomarkers are crucial for personalizing treatment and improving patient survival.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) historically had a poor prognosis.
  • Recent advancements have introduced novel therapeutic options, significantly improving patient survival.
  • The treatment landscape for advanced RCC has transformed due to targeted therapies and immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving treatment landscape for advanced renal cell carcinoma.
  • To highlight the role of novel therapies, including VEGF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To emphasize the need for predictive biomarkers and further clinical trials for personalized treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent therapeutic advancements in advanced renal cell carcinoma.
  • Analysis of novel treatment strategies, focusing on combination therapy.
  • Discussion of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Novel treatments, including VEGF pathway inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have drastically changed the prognosis for advanced RCC.
  • Combination therapy using VEGF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors is a key strategy in the first-line setting.
  • Improved survival rates are observed in patients receiving these novel treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma has significantly improved with new targeted agents and immunotherapies.
  • There is a growing need for predictive biomarkers to personalize treatment selection.
  • Further clinical trials are essential to determine optimal treatment sequencing and approaches.
Keywords:
combination drug therapyimmunotherapyprogrammed cell death 1 receptorrenal cell carcinomavascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)

More Related Videos

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors09:04

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

10.1K
Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy11:27

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Published on: April 29, 2014

17.2K

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.3K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.6K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.6K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.6K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.7K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.2K