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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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Construction of Two-Input Logic Gates Using Transcriptional Interference.

Antoni E Bordoy, Nolan J O'Connor, Anushree Chatterjee

    ACS Synthetic Biology
    |September 19, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transcriptional interference (TI) offers a novel strategy for engineering gene expression. Researchers developed genetic devices using roadblocking proteins to control gene expression, demonstrating tunable logic gate behaviors like AND and OR.

    Keywords:
    genetic deviceslogic gatestranscription factor roadblocktranscriptional interference

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    Area of Science:

    • Synthetic biology
    • Molecular biology
    • Genetic engineering

    Background:

    • Transcriptional interference (TI) regulates gene expression by physical obstacles encountered by RNA polymerase.
    • Existing knowledge on TI mechanisms is limited, and its potential for engineering complex gene expression modules is underexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the potential of transcriptional interference (TI) as a strategy for engineering complex gene expression modules.
    • To create and analyze two-input genetic devices that utilize a roadblocking protein to control gene expression.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of two-input genetic devices incorporating a roadblocking protein system.
    • Experimental analysis of device behavior under varying conditions.
    • Mathematical modeling to understand and predict device performance.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that roadblocking proteins can control gene expression, enabling the creation of genetic logic gates (AND, OR).
    • Identified key factors influencing gate behavior, including roadblocking protein dissociation constant, promoter/operator characteristics, and DNA sequence length.
    • Showcased the ability to tune gate responses through subtle modifications in genetic architecture.

    Conclusions:

    • Transcriptional interference presents a versatile platform for designing sophisticated genetic circuits.
    • Rational engineering of genetic architectures using specific transcription factors allows for precise control over gene expression logic.
    • This work lays the foundation for developing advanced gene expression control systems with predictable behaviors.