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Pediatric renal problems in India.

R N Srivastava1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|April 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric kidney diseases in India are shaped by socioeconomic and geographic factors, with limited specialized care available. Common conditions include nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract infections, while acute renal failure stems from various causes like dysentery and sepsis.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Renal Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Socioeconomic and geographic factors significantly impact pediatric renal disease prevalence and outcomes in India.
  • Pediatric nephrology subspecialty and adequate management facilities are scarce in India.
  • Renal disease patterns in Indian children resemble those in Europe and the US, with some distinct regional variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and patterns of various renal diseases in Indian children.
  • To identify common causes of acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease in pediatric populations in India.
  • To highlight challenges in pediatric nephrology care and management in India.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric renal diseases in India.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on common nephropathies.
  • Summary of etiological factors for acute renal failure and hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, congenital renal anomalies, and urinary tract infections are prevalent.
  • Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis is common; Henoch-Schönlein nephritis and IgA nephropathy are less frequent.
  • Key causes of acute renal failure include dysentery (with or without hemolytic uremic syndrome), G-6-PD deficiency-related hemolysis, sepsis, and envenomation. Aortoarteritis is a frequent cause of hypertension, and vesical calculus disease is common in certain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Despite similarities to Western data, specific conditions like poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and causes of acute renal failure present unique challenges in India.
  • Limited access to specialized pediatric nephrology care and facilities impacts disease management and outcomes.
  • Addressing socioeconomic and geographic disparities is crucial for improving pediatric renal healthcare in India.

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