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[Predictive diagnostics of the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) - programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)

Gábor Lotz1, Gábor Smuk2, Éva Kocsmár1

  • 1II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary. lotz.gabor@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.

Magyar Onkologia
|September 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Immuno-oncology uses companion diagnostics like PD-L1 tests. Adhering to specific test protocols is crucial for effective immunotherapy treatment, as these tests are not interchangeable.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Diagnostics

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) require companion diagnostics.
  • PD-L1 protein immunohistochemical tests are key companion diagnostics for ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of specific PD-L1 testing protocols.
  • To emphasize the non-interchangeability of different PD-L1 assays.
  • To underscore the impact of protocol adherence on immunotherapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of PD-L1 testing validation for immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Analysis of variations in PD-L1 diagnostic sensitivity and evaluation protocols.
  • Comparison of cancer and immune cell positivity assessments across different schemes.

Main Results:

  • Most ICIs are validated with specific, non-interchangeable PD-L1 tests.
  • PD-L1 tests exhibit varying diagnostic sensitivity.
  • Evaluation protocols differ significantly in assessing PD-L1 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Routine PD-L1 diagnostics demand strict adherence to therapy-specific protocols.
  • Non-adherence to individual test protocols can compromise therapeutic efficacy.
  • Standardization and careful protocol selection are vital for successful immunotherapy.

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