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Disability prevalence-context matters: A descriptive community-based survey.

Soraya Maart1, Seyi Amosun1, Jennifer Jelsma1

  • 1Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

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Globally comparable disability data is needed. This study found significant differences in disability prevalence and patterns between two distinct South African communities, highlighting the need for local data in health planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Growing demand for globally comparable disability data.
  • Local context significantly impacts disability rates and characteristics.
  • Locally collected data is crucial for effective service delivery planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare disability prevalence and patterns in two distinct, under-resourced South African communities.
  • To assess the influence of geographic and social context on disability.
  • To inform localized health intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional descriptive survey design.
  • Stratified cluster sampling in two Western Cape communities (urban Nyanga, semi-rural Oudtshoorn).
  • Washington Group Short Set for disability identification; self-developed questionnaire for socio-demographics.

Main Results:

  • Overall disability prevalence was 9.7%, differing significantly between sites (p < 0.001).
  • Urban area: 13.1% prevalence; 0.3% unable to perform any function.
  • Semi-rural area: 6.8% prevalence; 1% unable to perform any function. Disability linked to gender, age, unemployment, and income in both areas.

Conclusions:

  • Under-resourced areas may exhibit higher disability prevalence than national estimates.
  • Significant variations in disability prevalence and patterns exist between distinct local contexts.
  • Locally specific data is essential for targeted health interventions and planning.