Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

The Proteasome

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spatial transcriptomics identifies immune-stromal niches associated with cancer in adult dermatomyositis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Spatial transcriptomics identifies cytotoxic and fibrotic immune-stromal niches in morphea and eosinophilic fasciitis.

The Journal of investigative dermatology·2026

Same author

<i>Ophiorrhiza bibracteata</i> (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China.

PhytoKeys·2026

Same author

The Use of Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA SNP Combinations for Distinguishing Organ-Specific Cell Types.

Cells·2026

Same author

The Dual Roles of Gut Microbiota in Biliary Atresia: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.

Microorganisms·2026

Same author

Continuous forecasting of range-dependent ocean sound speed field: Diffusion model meets multi-output Gaussian process.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Preservation of Bioenergetic Parameters in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells After Cryopreservation

Author Spotlight: Preservation of Bioenergetic Parameters in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells After Cryopreservation

Published on: October 20, 2023

20S proteasome and glyoxalase 1 activities decrease in erythrocytes derived from Alzheimer's disease patients.

Hui Lv¹, Gui-Yuan Wei¹, Can-Shou Guo¹

¹Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Neural Regeneration Research

|September 20, 2019

Summary

Alzheimer's disease is linked to impaired protein degradation. This study found reduced proteasome and glyoxalase activity in Alzheimer's patients, suggesting their involvement in the disease and highlighting erythrocytes as a potential research model.

Keywords:

20S proteasomal activity Alzheimer’s disease H2O2 erythrocytes glyoxalase 1 malondialdehyde nerve regeneration total ubiquitin

More Related Videos

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Models of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Genes, Mutations, and Chemicals Affecting Amyloid Beta Production by γ-Secretase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Models of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Genes, Mutations, and Chemicals Affecting Amyloid Beta Production by γ-Secretase

Published on: June 24, 2025

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Preservation of Bioenergetic Parameters in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells After Cryopreservation

Author Spotlight: Preservation of Bioenergetic Parameters in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells After Cryopreservation

Published on: October 20, 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Models of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Genes, Mutations, and Chemicals Affecting Amyloid Beta Production by γ-Secretase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Models of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Genes, Mutations, and Chemicals Affecting Amyloid Beta Production by γ-Secretase

Published on: June 24, 2025

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Gerontology

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by protein aggregation, potentially due to impaired protein degradation.
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is crucial for maintaining neuronal function by clearing misfolded proteins.
Dysfunction in cellular protein degradation pathways may contribute to AD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system and glyoxalase activity in Alzheimer's disease.
To compare proteasomal and glyoxalase activity and related protein expression in AD patients versus healthy controls.
To evaluate the potential of erythrocytes as a model tissue for studying AD-related biochemical changes.

Main Methods:

Recruited 48 AD patients and 50 healthy volunteers.
Measured plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels using colorimetry.
Assessed glyoxalase 1 activity and 20S proteasome activity in erythrocytes using spectrophotometry and fluorescent substrate methods, respectively.
Detected glyoxalase 1 and ubiquitin protein expression in erythrocyte membranes via Western blot.

Main Results:

AD patients showed significantly higher plasma MDA and H2O2 levels compared to controls.
Glyoxalase 1 activity was significantly decreased in AD patients, while its protein expression remained unchanged.
Erythrocytes from AD patients exhibited reduced 20S proteasome activity and increased ubiquitin protein expression.

Conclusions:

Impaired proteasomal and glyoxalase activities are associated with Alzheimer's disease.
These findings suggest a potential role for oxidative stress and protein degradation dysfunction in AD.
Erythrocytes may serve as a valuable and accessible model for investigating Alzheimer's disease mechanisms.