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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.0K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.0K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Multiple Quantum Coherences Hyperpolarized at Ultra-Low Fields.

Kai Buckenmaier1, Klaus Scheffler1,2, Markus Plaumann3

  • 1High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|September 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarization technologies enable exotic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) applications at ultra-low fields (ULF). This study introduces a novel method for simultaneous excitation and observation of multiple quantum coherences in ULF NMR.

Keywords:
SABRESQUIDhyperpolarizationmultiple quantum coherenceparahydrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Coherence Phenomena
  • Hyperpolarization Techniques

Background:

  • Hyperpolarization technologies are crucial for enabling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) applications at ultra-low fields (ULF), where signal detection is challenging.
  • Conventional NMR faces limitations in sensitivity and spectral resolution at ULF due to negligible chemical shift variations.
  • Existing methods often struggle with simultaneous excitation and observation of various spin orders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel method for simultaneous excitation and observation of multiple quantum coherences (MQCs) in ultra-low field NMR.
  • To enhance the degree of freedom in ULF NMR experiments by exploring different orders of MQCs.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this approach for ULF NMR spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY) combined with a phase-cycling scheme for selective MQC observation.
  • Employing signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) to generate non-equilibrium spin states and multiple spin orders.
  • Detection of MQCs at ULF using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR system.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous excitation and observation of homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherences (zero up to third-order) were achieved.
  • The developed method allows for selective observation of MQCs of different orders, providing enhanced spectral information.
  • Successful detection of these coherences at ULF using a SQUID-based NMR system was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The presented method significantly expands the capabilities of ULF NMR by enabling the study of multiple quantum coherences.
  • This approach offers a new degree of freedom for ULF NMR experiments, overcoming limitations of negligible chemical shift variations.
  • The combination of SABRE, COSY, and SQUID detection provides a powerful platform for advanced ULF NMR applications.