Rhodotorula spp. in the gut - foe or friend?

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Microbiology
• Human Health

Background:

• Rhodotorula species are basidiomyceteous fungi commonly found in the environment.
• Human transmission occurs via air and food, leading to frequent intestinal colonization.
• Overgrowth is usually prevented by body temperature, but can occur due to factors like azole antifungal treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the implications of increased Rhodotorula presence in the human gut.
• To investigate the dual role of Rhodotorula as both beneficial and potentially pathogenic organisms.

Main Methods:

• The study is a review and discussion of existing knowledge on Rhodotorula.
• Analysis of the impact of Rhodotorula colonization on human health and the gut microbiome.

Main Results:

• Increased Rhodotorula in stool samples is not inherently alarming and can indicate a disturbed gut flora.
• These fungi can provide nutritional benefits (proteins, lipids, folate, carotenoids) and exert probiotic effects.
• Massive presence poses a risk for fungemia and organ infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, classifying Rhodotorula as emerging pathogens.

Conclusions:

• Rhodotorula overgrowth suggests gut dysbiosis, potentially exacerbated by azole therapy.
• While beneficial in moderation, Rhodotorula can be opportunistic pathogens in vulnerable hosts.
• The origin of reported opportunistic infections attributed to gut Rhodotorula requires further investigation.