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Related Concept Videos

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Nightmares and Night Terrors

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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Stress and Mental Health01:30

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
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Nightmares and Stress: A Longitudinal Study.

Michael Schredl1, Maria Gilles1, Isabell Wolf1

  • 1Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|September 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nightmare frequency remained stable in women during the postpartum period and beyond. Past nightmares strongly predicted future nightmares, suggesting early intervention is beneficial.

Keywords:
longitudinal studynightmaresstress

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sleep Science
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • Nightmare etiology involves trait and state factors.
  • Previous research has not longitudinally examined the interplay of these factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal relationship between nightmare frequency, stress, and their interaction.
  • To analyze nightmare stability during the postpartum period and up to four years later.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 406 pregnant women was followed for approximately 4 years post-childbirth.
  • Participants completed nightmare frequency scales and stress questionnaires at three time points.

Main Results:

  • Nightmare frequency demonstrated significant stability over the study period, with a slight decrease.
  • While stressors correlated with current nightmares, prior nightmare frequency was a stronger predictor of current nightmares.

Conclusions:

  • The high stability of nightmare frequency suggests the value of early interventions, potentially starting in childhood.
  • Further research should explore the long-term impact of early interventions on nightmare occurrence.