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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Measurement of Greenhouse Gas Flux from Agricultural Soils Using Static Chambers
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Quantifying global CH4 and N2O footprints.

Wenjie Tian1, Xudong Wu2, Xueli Zhao1

  • 1School of Management, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|September 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions rose 15% by 2012, driven by product demand. Consumption-based footprints reveal shifting emission burdens, challenging production-based reduction successes.

Keywords:
CH(4) and N(2)O emissionsCarbon footprintsConsumption-based accountingInternational tradeMulti-region input-output analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Research
  • Global Emissions Analysis

Background:

  • Global methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions have significantly increased since 1990.
  • These increases are primarily linked to escalating demands for agricultural and energy products.
  • Understanding the spatial distribution and drivers of these greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucial for effective climate mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify global CH4 and N2O footprints for 181 economies and 20 world regions in 2012.
  • To analyze the role of international trade in the transfer of CH4 and N2O emissions.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of emission reduction strategies from a consumption-based perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized official national emission accounts from the UNFCCC database.
  • Employed global multi-region input-output accounts from the EORA database.
  • Quantified footprints based on production and consumption emissions across national and regional levels.

Main Results:

  • Global CH4 and N2O emissions increased by 15.0% in 2012 compared to 1990.
  • Major CH4 contributors: Mainland China, Western Europe, USA, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Major N2O contributors: Mainland China, USA, Western Europe, Brazil, Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • International trade accounted for 36.4% of global CH4 and 24.8% of N2O emissions.
  • Developed economies showed higher consumption footprints than production emissions; emerging economies showed the opposite.
  • Emission reductions in some developed nations were offset by increased consumption-based footprints.

Conclusions:

  • Consumption-side actions and international cooperation are vital for reducing non-CO2 GHG emissions.
  • The study highlights discrepancies between production-based emission targets and actual consumption-based impacts.
  • Significant increases in CH4 and N2O footprints were observed in Mainland China, Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Brazil, Middle East, and India.