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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Succinate Modulates Intestinal Barrier Function and Inflammation Response in Pigs.

Xuan Li1,2, Mingyu Mao1,2, Yanan Zhang1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

Biomolecules
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Succinate supplementation enhanced intestinal barrier function in pigs by increasing tight junction proteins. This metabolic intermediate may improve gut health and reduce inflammation.

Keywords:
intestinal epithelial barrierintestinal inflammationpigssuccinate

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Gastrointestinal Physiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Succinate, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate and microbial metabolite, influences gut metabolism and immunity.
  • The specific role of succinate in maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and modulating inflammation remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of dietary succinate supplementation on intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammation in pigs.

Main Methods:

  • Growing pigs were fed diets with varying succinate concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 1%).
  • Intestinal morphology, epithelial permeability (transepithelial electrical resistance - TEER), tight junction protein expression (claudin-1, ZO-1, ZO-2), and jejunal cytokine levels (IL-25, IL-10, IL-8, IL-18) were assessed in vivo and in vitro using intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2).

Main Results:

  • A 1% succinate diet altered intestinal morphology.
  • In vitro, 5 mM succinate increased TEER in IPEC-J2 cells.
  • Succinate treatment upregulated tight junction proteins and modulated inflammatory cytokine expression in the jejunum.

Conclusions:

  • Succinate plays a novel role in enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function.
  • Dietary succinate supplementation may serve as a nutritional strategy to improve gut health in animals.