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Related Concept Videos

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Cellular Stress Responses in Radiotherapy.

Wanyeon Kim1,2, Sungmin Lee3, Danbi Seo4

  • 1Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28173, Korea. wykim82@knue.ac.kr.

Cells
|September 22, 2019
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Summary

Radiotherapy causes cancer cell death through radiation-induced stress but can also trigger survival signals, leading to tumor radioresistance. This study explores these mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance.

Keywords:
DNA damage responseER stressRadiation responseautophagylipid peroxidationmitochondrial damageradioresistancereactive oxygen species

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment.
  • Radiation exposure induces cellular stress, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • While radiation can cause cancer cell death, it paradoxically activates repair and survival pathways, promoting tumor radioresistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cellular stress.
  • To investigate the signaling pathways that contribute to tumor radioresistance.
  • To identify therapeutic strategies for overcoming radiotherapy resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced cellular stress.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in DNA repair and cell survival.
  • Exploration of therapeutic approaches to enhance radiosensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Radiation triggers complex cellular stress responses, including DNA damage and ROS generation.
  • Specific molecular pathways are activated, promoting cancer cell survival and leading to radioresistance.
  • Targeting these resistance mechanisms offers potential therapeutic benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding radiation-induced stress and resistance is crucial for effective cancer therapy.
  • Targeting survival and repair pathways can overcome radioresistance.
  • Further research into therapeutic strategies is warranted to improve radiotherapy outcomes.