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Addressing Challenges in Fabricating Reflection-Based Fiber Optic Interferometers.

Markus Solberg Wahl1, Øivind Wilhelmsen2,3, Dag Roar Hjelme4

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Summary

Fabricating fiber optic interferometers is sensitive to end-face cleave angles, which significantly alter spectral output. Splice accuracy has a lesser impact on interferometric visibility and sensor performance.

Keywords:
fiber opticsmultimode interferencerefractive index (RI) sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Fiber Optic Sensing
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Reproducible fabrication of multimode fiber optic interferometers is challenging.
  • Practical limitations in fabrication impact sensor performance and data reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of fabrication challenges on reflection-based fiber optic interferometers.
  • To investigate the effects of end-face cleave angle and splice accuracy on sensor performance using theory and experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a guided-mode propagation approach for theoretical analysis.
  • Conducted experiments to validate theoretical predictions.
  • Examined core-mismatched fiber optic sensors.

Main Results:

  • End-face cleave angles significantly alter the optical spectrum and interferometric visibility (up to 70% reduction).
  • Splice accuracy (offset or angled) has a less significant impact on visibility, though angled splices reduce overall intensity.
  • Interferometer length sensitivity is approximately 60 nm/mm.

Conclusions:

  • Cleave angle is a critical parameter for fabricating fiber optic interferometers.
  • Splice quality is less critical than cleave angle for maintaining interferometric visibility.
  • The spliced region's characteristics are crucial for the final spectral output of fiber optic sensors.