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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.6K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.6K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Isochoric and Isobaric Processes01:21

Isochoric and Isobaric Processes

4.2K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only. 
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40...
4.2K
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

14.7K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
14.7K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.0K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.0K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

5.9K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
5.9K

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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Deciphering key processes controlling rainfall isotopic variability during extreme tropical cyclones.

Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo1, Ana M Durán-Quesada2, Germain Esquivel-Hernández3

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This study characterizes the isotopic evolution of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Mesoamerican and Caribbean region. Hurricane Otto

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • The Mesoamerican and Caribbean (MAC) region faces significant hazards from tropical cyclones (TCs) and climate variability.
  • Understanding the isotopic composition of precipitation is crucial for reconstructing past climate and water sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the isotopic evolution of a tropical cyclone (TC) in the MAC region for the first time.
  • To identify the dynamical drivers influencing TC rainfall isotope ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term daily rainfall isotope data from Costa Rica.
  • Employed event-based sampling of Hurricanes Irma and Maria (2017).
  • Analyzed isotopic composition and d-excess during Hurricane Otto (2016).

Main Results:

  • Hurricane Otto exhibited a wide isotopic range in rainfall, similar to the annual cycle.
  • Rapid isotopic depletion and decreased d-excess were observed as Hurricane Otto intensified.
  • Efficient isotopic fractionation occurred within approximately 200 km SW of the warm core.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into rainfall isotope processes during continental and maritime TC tracks in the MAC region.
  • Findings have implications for interpreting paleo-hydroclimate records across the tropics.
  • This research establishes a baseline for understanding TC isotopic signatures in a vulnerable region.