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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Cell Competition Is Driven by Autophagy.

Rina Nagata1, Mai Nakamura1, Yuya Sanaki1

  • 1Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 607-8501, Japan.

Developmental Cell
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell competition eliminates unfit cells. Autophagy in loser cells, triggered by V-ATPase, upregulates hid, inducing apoptosis and ensuring tissue health.

Keywords:
JNKNFκBautophagycell competitioncell deathhid

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell competition is a crucial quality control mechanism in multicellular organisms.
  • The precise triggers for initiating cell elimination during competition remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the triggering of cell elimination in cell competition.
  • To identify key factors and pathways involved in distinguishing and eliminating unfit cells.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic screening in Drosophila to identify genes involved in cell competition.
  • Analysis of autophagy levels and function in "loser" and "winner" cells.
  • Investigating the role of V-ATPase, autophagy, NFκB, hid, and JNK signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • V-ATPase is essential for triggering cell competition.
  • Autophagy is specifically upregulated in "loser" cells adjacent to "winner" cells.
  • Blocking autophagy prevents loser cell elimination.
  • Elevated autophagy upregulates the proapoptotic gene "hid" via NFκB, cooperating with JNK signaling to induce cell death.

Conclusions:

  • A common mechanism for cell competition is established, involving V-ATPase-mediated autophagy.
  • Increased protein synthesis in "winner" cells induces autophagy in neighboring "loser" cells.
  • This process leads to the selective elimination of unfit cells, maintaining tissue integrity.