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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Brain Function Network and Young Adult Smokers: A Graph Theory Analysis Study.

Ying Tan1, Jing Chen2, Weiwei Liao1

  • 1Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Young smokers exhibit altered brain network topology, with decreased local efficiency and connectivity in key regions like the prefrontal cortex. These changes correlate with smoking duration, suggesting neurobiological impacts of early nicotine exposure.

Keywords:
brain functional networksgraph theory analysisresting-state functional magnetic resonance imagingtopological organizationyoung smokers

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking impacts brain function, yet its effects on the topological organization of brain networks in young adults are understudied.
  • Previous research indicates widespread functional connectivity abnormalities in smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the topological organization of brain functional networks in young male smokers compared to healthy non-smokers.
  • To identify specific network alterations associated with smoking and their correlation with smoking duration.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 30 young smokers and 32 non-smokers.
  • Construction of brain functional networks using Pearson correlation coefficients across 246 Brainnetome Atlas subregions.
  • Comparison of topological parameters, including clustering coefficient (Cp) and network efficiency (Elocal, Enodal), between groups.

Main Results:

  • Both smokers and non-smokers displayed small-world network topology.
  • Young smokers showed significantly decreased clustering coefficient (Cp) and local network efficiency (Elocal) compared to non-smokers.
  • Decreased Cp and Elocal correlated negatively with smoking duration. Increased nodal efficiency (Enodal) was observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate gyrus, insula, and caudate, with decreased connectivity in these and other regions.

Conclusions:

  • Young smokers exhibit abnormal topological organization in brain functional networks.
  • These alterations, particularly reduced local efficiency and connectivity in prefrontal areas, may underlie the neural mechanisms of smoking in young adults.
  • Findings highlight the impact of early smoking on brain network structure and function.