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The General Psychopathology Factor: Structural Stability and Generalizability to Within-Individual Changes.

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The general psychopathology factor in psychiatric comorbidity is stable over time. This bifactor structure accurately reflects changes in mental health conditions, suggesting it

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health Research
  • Psychometric Modeling
  • Longitudinal Data Analysis

Background:

  • Cross-sectional studies suggest a bifactor model for psychiatric comorbidity, including a general psychopathology factor and specific factors.
  • Prospective evidence for the stability and change processes of this bifactor structure remains limited.
  • Understanding the temporal dynamics of psychiatric comorbidity is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the longitudinal structural stability (invariance) of the bifactor model of psychiatric comorbidity.
  • To compare the bifactor model's stability against a correlated factors model lacking a general psychopathology factor.
  • To investigate the generalizability of these models to psychopathology change processes over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 10-year follow-up data from 5,001 participants in the US National Comorbidity Survey.
  • Employed confirmatory factor analysis with nested invariance tests to assess structural stability.
  • Analyzed change scores of disorder status to examine model generalizability to psychopathology changes.

Main Results:

  • Both the bifactor model and the correlated factors model demonstrated strong structural stability over the 10-year period.
  • Only the bifactor model adequately captured the structure of temporal changes in psychopathology.
  • The general psychopathology factor was found to be stable and predictive of change.

Conclusions:

  • The bifactor structure, incorporating a general psychopathology factor, is longitudinally stable.
  • This structure effectively describes temporal changes in psychopathology, supporting its transdiagnostic nature.
  • The general psychopathology factor may represent a transdiagnostic etiology, offering a potential target for interventions.