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Differences in suicidal behaviors between self-employed and standardly employed workers.

Jin-Young Min1, HyeJin Kim2, Shin-Goo Park3

  • 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

American Journal of Industrial Medicine
|September 24, 2019
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Self-employed individuals face higher risks of suicidal ideation and attempts compared to standard employees. Small business owners are especially vulnerable to suicide attempts, highlighting a critical need for support.

Keywords:
mental healthself-employmentsmall business ownersuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Self-employed individuals possess greater autonomy but lack social benefits and legal protections.
  • This vulnerability places them at increased risk for adverse health outcomes, including mental health issues.
  • Understanding the specific risks for suicidal behaviors among the self-employed is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of suicidal behaviors between self-employed workers and standardly employed individuals.
  • To identify specific subgroups within the self-employed population at higher risk for suicidal ideation and attempts.
  • To inform public health strategies aimed at supporting vulnerable worker populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2008 Korean Community Health Survey, encompassing 64,802 working individuals.
  • Classified self-employed individuals into "small business" (0-4 employees) and "middle to large business" (5+ employees) categories.
  • Assessed suicidal ideation and suicide attempts as primary outcomes, analyzing odds ratios and confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Self-employed individuals reported higher odds of suicidal ideation than standard workers in both small (OR=1.25) and larger businesses (OR=1.32).
  • The likelihood of suicide attempts was significantly higher among self-employed individuals in small businesses (OR=1.67).
  • No significant increase in suicide attempts was found for self-employed individuals in middle to large businesses.

Conclusions:

  • Self-employed persons exhibit a greater likelihood of reporting suicidal behaviors compared to standardly employed workers.
  • Small business owners represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup within the self-employed population concerning suicide attempts.
  • Findings underscore the need for tailored mental health support and policy interventions for the self-employed, especially small business owners.