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Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π&VeryThinSpace;→&VeryThinSpace;π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...

Resistivity

Resistivity

When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.

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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

Correlations between Spectra and Resistivity in Transition Metal Oxides.

¹Department of Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg SE-41296 , Sweden.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B

|September 24, 2019

Summary

This study compares transition metal oxides La₂₋ₓSrₓCuO₄ and La₁₋ₓSrₓVO₃, revealing distinct electrical properties. Resistivity data suggests single electron transfer at low dopings, with superconductivity emerging in the cuprate at higher concentrations.

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Area of Science:

Solid State Physics
Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Transition metal oxides exhibit complex electronic behaviors.
Lanthanum strontium cuprate (La₂₋ₓSrₓCuO₄) and lanthanum strontium vanadate (La₁₋ₓSrₓVO₃) are key materials for studying electron correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the photoconductivity spectra and resistivity of La₂₋ₓSrₓCuO₄ and La₁₋ₓSrₓVO₃.
To understand the relationship between doping, electronic transport, and emergent phenomena like superconductivity.

Main Methods:

Electrical resistivity measurements (ρ(T)) as a function of temperature (T) and doping (x).
Analysis of photoconductivity spectra to probe electronic band structures.

Main Results:

Resistivity in both oxides at low doping (x < 0.05 for cuprate, x < 0.28 for vanadate) indicates single electron transfer.
A temperature dependence of ρ(T) - ρ(0) ∼ T³/² observed for T > 100 K.
La₂₋ₓSrₓCuO₄ exhibits superconductivity for x < 0.25, while La₁₋ₓSrₓVO₃ behaves as an ordinary metal at higher dopings.

Conclusions:

The observed electronic behaviors correlate with the number of oxidation states and their spins during local electron transfer.
The study discusses the insulator-metal transition and the disappearance of Cooper pairs in these materials.