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Surface evolution of synthetic bilgewater emulsion.

Jiyoung Son1, Yanjie Shen1, Jenn Yao1

  • 1Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, United States.

Chemosphere
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study characterizes synthetic bilgewater emulsions, revealing how their surface composition and droplet size evolve over time. Understanding these changes is key for effective maritime wastewater treatment.

Keywords:
BilgewaterDroplet size distributionOil-in-waterSurface compositionSurfactantToF-SIMS

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Bilgewater, a regulated shipboard waste, commonly contains oil-in-water emulsions.
  • Effective wastewater treatment necessitates understanding emulsion surface dynamics, yet data is scarce.
  • Characterizing these complex mixtures is crucial for environmental protection and regulatory compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform the first surface characterization of synthetic bilgewater emulsions.
  • To analyze changes in droplet size distribution (DSD) and surface chemistry of fresh and aged emulsions.
  • To investigate the evolution of the oil-water interface in bilgewater.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for surface analysis.
  • Employed optical microscopy to complement ToF-SIMS data.
  • Analyzed synthetic bilgewater emulsions (hydrocarbon and detergent mixture) in both fresh and aged states.

Main Results:

  • Fresh emulsions exhibited mono-modal droplet size distribution (DSD) with hydrocarbon fragments dominating the surface.
  • Aged emulsions also showed mono-modal DSD but with slightly larger droplet sizes.
  • SIMS and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated surfactant presence on fresh emulsion surfaces and larger molecules on aged droplet surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • The oil-water interface in bilgewater emulsions evolves post-droplet formation.
  • Surface evolution impacts bilgewater DSD, surface chemical composition, and reactivity.
  • This research provides fundamental insights for advancing maritime wastewater treatment technologies.