Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

2.5K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
2.5K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.8K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.8K
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

21.5K
Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
21.5K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.6K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Porous Ni-based metal-organic frameworks reduce the oxygen evolution temperature of lithium perchlorate.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Quantum Coherence in a Perylene-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Potential Solid-State Qubits.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Reversible color switching of bright phosphorescence in purely organic materials for advanced data encryption.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Transitioning Formamide Solvothermal Syntheses of MOFs to Less Toxic Solvents.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Elucidating the molecular structural origin of efficient emission across solid and solution phases of single benzene fluorophores.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Validation and Mechanistic Studies of the Headspace Effect in MOF Synthesis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same journal

Incorporation of Engineered Cu<sup>0</sup>/Cu<sup>+</sup> Interfaces in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Planar Chiral Carbazole-Naphthalene Bisimide Hetero-Cyclophane for Circularly Polarized Delayed Fluorescence.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Charge-Transfer Exciton Flows: Red Luminescent Zn<sub>8</sub>D<sub>14</sub>A<sub>4</sub> Nanotubes.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Au(III) Complexes as Pyroptosis Inducers by Targeting Mitochondrial DNA for Tumor Immunity.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Suppressing Interfacial-Accelerated Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells via Supramolecular Co-Assembly.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Isolation and Reactivity of a Stannabismuthene.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.9K

Achieving Balanced Energetics through Cocrystallization.

Michael K Bellas1, Adam J Matzger1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synthesizing energetic materials with balanced oxidant/fuel ratios is challenging. Cocrystallization of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and pyrazine-1,4-dioxide yields an intimately associated material with superior energetic properties.

Keywords:
ammonium dinitramidecocrystalcrystal engineeringenergeticsnoncovalent interactions

More Related Videos

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.4K
Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography
12:29

Optimization of Crystal Growth for Neutron Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: March 13, 2021

5.9K
Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins
11:14

Combining Wet and Dry Lab Techniques to Guide the Crystallization of Large Coiled-coil Containing Proteins

Published on: January 6, 2017

8.4K
Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments
09:52

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Published on: February 4, 2021

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Energetic materials science
  • Crystallography
  • Chemical synthesis

Background:

  • Achieving a balanced oxidant to fuel ratio in energetic materials is a persistent challenge.
  • Molecular synthesis and composite formulations have limitations in achieving intimate component association and optimal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel energetic material with an improved oxidant/fuel ratio and intimate component association.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional synthesis and formulation methods for energetic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Cocrystallization of ammonium dinitramide (ADN), an energetic oxidizer, with pyrazine-1,4-dioxide, a fuel-rich compound.
  • Characterization of the resulting cocrystal's physical and energetic properties.

Main Results:

  • A cocrystal was successfully formed, exhibiting a balanced oxidant/fuel ratio.
  • The cocrystal demonstrated intimate association between ADN and pyrazine-1,4-dioxide.
  • The new material showed significantly improved physical and energetic properties compared to ADN alone, comparable to contemporary energetics.

Conclusions:

  • Cocrystallization is an effective strategy for creating advanced energetic materials with enhanced performance.
  • The ADN-pyrazine-1,4-dioxide cocrystal represents a promising new energetic material.