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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds
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Manufacturing considerations for producing and assessing decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels.

Melissa J Hernandez1, Grace E Yakutis1, Emma I Zelus1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|September 24, 2019
PubMed
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Manufacturing injectable decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels requires optimization. Harvesting conditions significantly impact fat content and protein composition, unlike animal variability or bioburden reduction methods.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Several decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) products exist as sheets or patches.
  • Injectable ECM hydrogels are less established, with only one myocardial matrix reaching clinical trials.
  • Limited data exists on manufacturing standards and assessments for injectable ECM hydrogels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate manufacturing optimization parameters for porcine-derived skeletal muscle ECM hydrogel.
  • To assess animal-to-animal variability, bioburden reduction efficacy, and the impact of harvesting conditions.
  • To provide insights for scaling up ECM hydrogel production.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of porcine skeletal muscle ECM hydrogel.
Keywords:
DecellularizationExtracellular matrixHydrogelManufacturing

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  • Assays for residual DNA and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content.
  • Evaluation of tissue properties under different harvesting conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in dsDNA or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content were observed due to animal variability or bioburden reduction.
    • Harvesting conditions led to variations in fat content and protein composition of the ECM hydrogel.
    • These variations could influence in vitro and in vivo performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Harvesting conditions are a critical factor in skeletal muscle ECM hydrogel manufacturing.
    • Differences between lab-scale and manufacturing-scale batches require careful consideration during scale-up.
    • Further research is needed to establish robust manufacturing standards for injectable ECM hydrogels.