Carbon nanohorn/liposome systems: Preformulation, design and in vitro toxicity studies

In the present work, the convergence of two different drug delivery systems is investigated, namely the combination of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and liposomes. Our effort initially included the synthesis of two conversely charged carbon nanohorns and their subsequent analysis through various methods. The study of their effect on the thermotropic behavior of artificial membranes provided an essential assistance for the upcoming liposome preparation, which were estimated for their physicochemical properties. The presence of CNHs alters the calorimetric parameters of the lipids. We also prepared CNHs:liposome systems. The characteristic morphology and secondary spherical superstructure of CNHs is retained in the chimeric materials, suggesting that the interactions with the liposomes do not alter the dahlia-flower-like aggregation of CNHs. Both CNHs-liposome systems exhibit a relatively small cellular cytotoxicity in vitro, tested in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To summarize, we developed CNHs:liposome platforms with a complete knowledge of their thermotropic, physicochemical, morphological and nanotoxicological characteristics.