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Related Concept Videos

Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...
959
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

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Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
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Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
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Design Example01:23

Design Example

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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
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Reducing the Cost of Implementing Filters in LoRa Devices.

Shania Stewart1, Ha H Nguyen2, Robert Barton3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada. shania.stewart@usask.ca.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes LoRa (Low-Power Long-Range) devices by using chirp segmentation and quantization to reduce memory needs for multiplier-less pulse shaping filters, enhancing feasibility without performance loss.

Keywords:
Internet of Things (IoT)LoRachirp spread spectrum (CSS)multiplier-less filterspulse shaping filtersample quantization

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Signal Processing
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • LoRa (Low-Power Long-Range) devices require efficient implementation of pulse shaping filters.
  • Multiplier-less filter designs offer memory savings but face challenges in LoRa systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present methods for optimizing LoRa devices for economical multiplier-less pulse shaping filter implementation.
  • To reduce the memory footprint of LoRa devices through filter optimization.

Main Methods:

  • Chirp segmentation for efficient generation of basic chirp waveforms, reducing ROM storage requirements.
  • Quantization of basic chirp samples to decrease unique input values and lookup table size for filters.

Main Results:

  • Chirp segmentation reduces sample storage to a quarter.
  • Quantization significantly reduces lookup table size for multiplier-less filters.
  • Simulated LoRa system tests show minimal performance degradation (occupied bandwidth, FFT, bit-error rates) even with high quantization levels.

Conclusions:

  • Chirp segmentation and quantization effectively reduce memory requirements in LoRa devices.
  • These methods improve the feasibility of implementing multiplier-less filters in LoRa systems.
  • Optimized filters maintain system performance, making LoRa more memory-efficient.