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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Thin Magnetically Permeable Targets for Inductive Sensing: Application to Limb Prosthetics.

Ethan J Weathersby1, Clement J Gurrey2, Jake B McLean3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195-5061, USA. ethanw3@uw.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new ferrous polymer composite was developed for inductive sensing in prosthetic sockets. This material enhances socket fit monitoring, offering a durable and accurate solution for improved prosthetic limb control.

Keywords:
adjustable socketamputeeinductive sensorlimb-to-socket distanceprosthesisresidual limbtranstibial

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Prosthetics and Orthotics

Background:

  • Inductive sensors are crucial for monitoring limb-to-socket distance, reflecting prosthetic socket fit.
  • Current methods may lack precision or durability for real-time feedback control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a thin ferrous polymer composite for use as an inductive sensing target in limb prosthetics.
  • To optimize the composite's properties for high signal strength and minimal target volume.

Main Methods:

  • A styrene-ethylene-ethylene/propylene-styrene (SEEPS) polymer was compounded with iron powder at varying concentrations (75, 77, 85 wt%).
  • Thin disk-shaped samples (0.50, 0.75, 1.00 mm thickness) were fabricated.
  • Inductive sensor sensitivity, response to compressive stress, tensile elasticity, and durability were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The 85 wt% iron powder composite at 0.50 mm thickness demonstrated optimal signal strength and low target volume.
  • High inductive sensor sensitivity was recorded (3.2E5 counts/mm at 0-1 mm, 7.2E4 counts/mm at 4-5 mm).
  • The composite exhibited low measurement error (<3.3 μm) under stress, comparable tensile elasticity (282 kPa) to commercial liners, and minimal calibration change (<3.8%) over two weeks of wear.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ferrous polymer composite is a promising material for inductive sensing targets in prosthetic applications.
  • Its properties support the development of advanced prosthetic sockets with automatic adjustment capabilities based on limb-to-socket distance feedback.
  • This material could enhance prosthetic function and user comfort.