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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Epsilon iron as a spin-smectic state.

Blair W Lebert1,2, Tommaso Gorni1, Michele Casula1

  • 1Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure iron exhibits local magnetic moments but no magnetic order. Researchers propose a novel "spin-smectic" state, resolving contradictions and potentially explaining iron's superconductivity.

Keywords:
high pressureironmagnetismsuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • High-pressure physics

Background:

  • High-pressure phases of iron are crucial for understanding Earth's core.
  • Previous studies predicted magnetic ordering in iron at high pressures.
  • Experimental and theoretical results have shown discrepancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the magnetic properties of iron at high pressures.
  • To resolve contradictions between experimental observations and theoretical predictions.
  • To explore the potential role of magnetism in iron's superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray emission spectroscopy to detect local magnetic moments.
  • Neutron powder diffraction to identify magnetic order.
  • First-principles calculations to model magnetic states.

Main Results:

  • Appreciable local magnetic moments detected up to 40 GPa.
  • No magnetic order observed via neutron diffraction down to 1.8 K.
  • First-principles calculations suggest a lower-energy "spin-smectic" state.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed spin-smectic state, characterized by orientationally disordered antiferromagnetic bilayers, resolves experimental contradictions.
  • This state offers a potential explanation for the puzzling superconductivity observed in high-pressure iron.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the magnetic behavior and its implications.