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Pembrolizumab-induced obstructive bronchiolitis in a patient with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer
1Département de pneumologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.
Objective:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are now a standard of care for the management of many metastatic cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Pembrolizumab, a selective anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, augments the host antitumoural response. This hyperactivation of the immune system has side effects, the so-called immune-related adverse effects. The objective of this case report was to review and point out a new pattern of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis.
Case Description:
A 69-year-old woman with stage iv non-small-cell lung cancer receiving pembrolizumab presented for increased dyspnea. Pembrolizumab-related obstructive bronchiolitis was diagnosed based on a new severe obstructive disorder, without bronchodilator reversibility, and mosaic attenuation on angiography, without other identifiable causes.
Summary:
To our knowledge, this is the first description of a case of pembrolizumab-induced obstructive bronchiolitis. Various patterns of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated lung disease have been described, and bronchiolitis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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