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Related Concept Videos

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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System
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Microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters.

Jong-Won Lee1,2, Cong T Trinh1,2,3

  • 11Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.

Biotechnology for Biofuels
|September 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the first microbial biosynthesis of lactate esters directly from sugars using engineered E. coli. This breakthrough enables sustainable production of green solvents from renewable resources.

Keywords:
Acetate esterAlcohol acyltransferaseEscherichia coliEsterEthyl lactateGreen solventIsobutyl lactateLactate esterModular cell

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Metabolic engineering
  • Green chemistry

Background:

  • Lactate esters are biodegradable green solvents with significant industrial applications.
  • Current production methods lack direct microbial biosynthesis from renewable feedstocks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a microbial platform for direct biosynthesis of lactate esters from fermentable sugars.
  • To engineer Escherichia coli for the production of ethyl and isobutyl lactate esters.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and screened pyruvate-to-lactate ester biosynthesis modules.
  • Engineered modular E. coli chassis with specific metabolic pathways.
  • Optimized metabolic flux and alleviated bottlenecks for enhanced production.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the first microbial production of ethyl and isobutyl lactate esters from glucose.
  • Achieved a 4.96-fold improvement in ethyl lactate production through pathway re-modularization and flux manipulation.
  • Identified alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) as a rate-limiting enzyme.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully established a direct fermentative production pathway for lactate esters from glucose.
  • This work provides a foundation for sustainable microbial production of lactate esters as green solvents.
  • Highlights potential for novel industrial applications of bio-based lactate esters.