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Effectiveness of Police Crisis Intervention Training Programs.
Michael S Rogers1, Dale E McNiel2, Renée L Binder2
1Dr. Rogers is a Staff Psychiatrist at San Quentin State Prison, California. Dr. McNiel is Professor of Clinical Psychology, and Dr. Binder is Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. michael.rogers@mdpsychforensic.com.
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
|September 26, 2019
Summary
Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training for police shows promise in improving officer satisfaction and diverting individuals with mental illness from jail. However, evidence for CIT
Area of Science:
- Law Enforcement Training
- Mental Health Interventions
- Public Health
Background:
- Police encounters with individuals with mental illness can have fatal outcomes.
- Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training is a widely adopted police curriculum.
- Existing research on CIT effectiveness is fragmented across mental health and criminal justice fields.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent systematic analyses of CIT training effectiveness.
- To assess CIT's impact on officer-level and objective outcomes.
- To identify gaps in the evidence base for CIT.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of recent analyses on CIT training.
- Examination of studies from mental health and criminal justice domains.
- Analysis of officer-level and objective outcome measures.
Main Results:
- CIT training is associated with improved officer satisfaction and perceived reduction in force.
- CIT likely increases prebooking diversion to psychiatric facilities.
- Limited evidence supports CIT's impact on objective measures like arrests, injuries, or use of force.
Conclusions:
- CIT training offers benefits at the officer level and for diversion.
- Further research is needed to demonstrate CIT's effectiveness on objective outcomes.
- Unified analysis of CIT is challenging due to interdisciplinary differences.
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