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Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor GPCR-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
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Distinct Chemotaxis Protein Paralogs Assemble into Chemoreceptor Signaling Arrays To Coordinate Signaling Output.

Lindsey O'Neal1, Jessica M Gullett1, Anastasia Aksenova1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.

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Bacteria coordinate multiple chemotaxis systems by mixing signaling proteins in receptor arrays. This allows for integrated responses to environmental cues, a mechanism likely common in motile bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Most motile bacteria utilize multiple chemotaxis signaling systems for environmental sensing and motility control.
  • Chemotaxis signaling relies on large, cell pole-localized arrays of chemoreceptors, chemotaxis coupling proteins (CheW), and histidine kinase proteins (CheA).
  • Distinct chemoreceptor types, differing in cytoplasmic domain length, segregate into separate arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how *Azospirillum brasilense*, with two distinct chemotaxis systems, coordinates its chemotactic responses.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of signal integration between multiple chemotaxis pathways in bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chemoreceptor array formation and protein interactions in *Azospirillum brasilense* strains with varying chemotaxis system components.
  • Investigated the physical interactions between chemotaxis proteins (CheA, CheW) from different systems and their binding with chemoreceptors.

Main Results:

  • Two separate membrane-bound chemoreceptor arrays are produced by mixing paralogs within chemotaxis baseplates in *A. brasilense*.
  • Polar localization of chemoreceptors is maintained when signaling proteins from either system are present but lost upon deletion of both.
  • Chemotaxis proteins (CheA, CheW) from distinct systems (Che1 and Che4) physically interact, as do chemoreceptors with these proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Assembly of paralogs from distinct chemotaxis pathways into shared baseplates provides a mechanism for coordinating signaling.
  • This integration mechanism ensures coordinated response output from multiple chemotaxis systems.
  • The identified mechanism is likely common in motile bacteria due to the prevalence of multiple chemotaxis systems and horizontal gene transfer.